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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
Microsurgical varicocele ligation: surgical methodology and associated outcomes
Rodrigo L Pagani1, Samuel J Ohlander1, Craig S Niederberger1
1University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract:
The impact of clinical varicoceles on semen parameters and male infertility has long been established. In the era of assisted reproduction, clinical discussion has questioned the role of varicocelectomy, offering the potential to bypass, rather than treat, varicocele-associated male infertility. However, current literature supports improved semen parameters and reproductive outcomes following repair. This article presents the stepwise operative approaches to microsurgical varicocelectomy and discusses the recent publications on outcomes.
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