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The Paraprotein - an Enduring Biomarker.

Jillian R Tate1

  • 1Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia.

The Clinical Biochemist. Reviews
|March 5, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The paraprotein, a key biomarker for monoclonal gammopathies, is evolving with sensitive new assays. These advancements improve diagnosis and monitoring of plasma cell disorders and minimal residual disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The paraprotein (M-protein) is a crucial biomarker in diagnosing and monitoring monoclonal gammopathies.
  • Traditional methods for paraprotein detection are continuously being enhanced by newer, more sensitive analytical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving role of paraproteins as biomarkers.
  • To discuss advancements in diagnostic and monitoring methodologies for monoclonal gammopathies.
  • To emphasize the clinical impact of novel immunoassay techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advancements in electrophoretic and immunoassay methods for paraprotein detection.
  • Focus on serum free light chain (SFLC) immunoassay.
  • Mention of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry for minimal residual disease detection.

Main Results:

  • Newer methods offer increased analytical sensitivity for paraprotein detection.
  • Serum free light chain immunoassay has facilitated new clinical insights and improved patient management.
  • Advanced techniques enable detection of minimal residual disease.

Conclusions:

  • The paraprotein remains a vital biomarker, with its utility expanded by technological innovation.
  • Serum free light chain assays represent a significant improvement in diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell dyscrasias.
  • Emerging technologies like mass spectrometry and flow cytometry enhance the ability to assess treatment response and detect residual disease.