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Birch pollen allergy in Europe.

T Biedermann1, L Winther2, S J Till3

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Allergy
|March 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Birch pollen allergy is increasing due to climate change, affecting many in Europe. Cross-reactivity with other trees and foods causes prolonged symptoms and impacts quality of life.

Keywords:
alderallergic rhinitisbirchcross-reactivityhazel

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Area of Science:

  • Allergen immunotherapy
  • Clinical immunology
  • Environmental allergy

Background:

  • Birch pollen (Betula) is a dominant aeroallergen in Northern and Central Europe, causing allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  • Climate change has increased birch pollen levels and exposure duration, leading to rising sensitization rates.
  • Cross-reactivity within the birch homologous group (Betulaceae, Fagaceae) and with food allergens causes Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a narrative review of birch pollen allergy.
  • To discuss taxonomy, cross-reactivity, prevalence, clinical relevance, Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • To focus on the European perspective of birch pollen allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative literature review.
  • Synthesis of existing research on birch pollen allergy and related conditions.
  • Focus on European epidemiological and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Birch pollen allergy prevalence and exposure are increasing.
  • Allergen cross-reactivity leads to prolonged allergy seasons and secondary Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS).
  • Birch pollen allergy significantly impacts patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Conclusions:

  • Birch pollen allergy is a growing public health concern in Europe.
  • Understanding cross-reactivity is crucial for managing prolonged allergic symptoms and PFS.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to improve the quality of life for allergic individuals.