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Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Charalampos S Floudas1, Gagandeep Brar2, Tim F Greten2,3

  • 1Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm B2L312, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1078, USA. charalampos.floudas@nih.gov.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|March 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatments are limited, but immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show durable activity. This review covers ICI mechanisms, clinical data, and emerging immunotherapies for HCC.

Keywords:
Adoptive cellular immunotherapyB7-H1 antigenCTLA-4 antigenHepatocellular carcinomaImmunotherapyProgrammed cell death 1 receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is rising, with poor prognosis and limited systemic therapies.
  • Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved, but novel treatments are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunologic principles and mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in HCC.
  • To present clinical data on ICIs for HCC.
  • To provide an overview of current and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunologic principles and ICI mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for ICIs in HCC.
  • Survey of current and emerging immunotherapies including combination treatments, vaccines, and cellular therapies.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate durable activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
  • Ongoing evaluation of ICIs in HCC is crucial.
  • Various immunotherapeutic approaches are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a significant advancement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
  • Combination therapies, vaccines, and cellular therapies are promising future directions for HCC immunotherapy.