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    We developed novel peptide hydrogels that self-assemble into protective nanofiber structures. These injectable materials support cell growth and offer potential for neural tissue engineering and transplantation therapies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Nanotechnology
    • Tissue Engineering

    Background:

    • Short peptides are versatile building blocks for self-assembly into functional hydrogel biomaterials.
    • Supramolecular peptide assemblies offer an attractive approach for neural tissue engineering applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a new class of short, five-residue peptides that form hydrogels with nanofiber structures.
    • To characterize the mechanical properties and self-assembly behavior of these pentapeptide hydrogels.
    • To evaluate the cytocompatibility and protective capabilities of these hydrogels for cell delivery and neural tissue engineering.

    Main Methods:

    • Rheology and spectroscopy were used to analyze mechanical properties and the influence of sequence variations, pH, and concentration.
    • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) visualized fibril morphology.
    • Molecular dynamics simulations corroborated experimental gelation behavior.
    • Cell encapsulation and proliferation assays were performed using oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).

    Main Results:

    • Seven unmodified peptides formed robust hydrogels (0.2-20 kPa) at low concentrations (<3 wt %) with shear-thinning and rapid self-healing properties.
    • Peptides self-assembled into twisted ribbon-shaped fibrils (tens of nanometers in diameter) with amyloid-like periodicities.
    • The hydrogels supported OPC encapsulation, proliferation, and 3D process extension.
    • The hydrogels protected OPCs from mechanical stress during injection, demonstrating their potential as cell carriers.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed rapidly assembling pentapeptides for injectable delivery (RAPID) hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical and structural properties.
    • These hydrogels are suitable for cell delivery and neural tissue engineering due to their injectability, cytocompatibility, and protective capabilities.
    • The self-assembly of these short peptides into functional nanofiber hydrogels opens new avenues for regenerative medicine.