Influence of catecholamines on biofilm formation by Salmonella Enteritidis

Salmonella spp. are the main pathogens responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. Bacterial communities use the quorum sensing system to control biofilm formation. These systems function through the secretion of substances, called auto-inducers (AI), into the environment. AI-3 is structurally similar to epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOR) -catecholamines secreted by eukaryotic cells to communicate with each other. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of EPI and NOR on biofilm formation by S. Enteritidis at 12 °C and 25 °C. Also, we detected the presence of the csgD, adrA, and fimA genes in these strains. Biofilm formation was investigated at two temperatures (12 °C and 25 °C) using a microtiter plate assay, under four different treatments (50 mM EPI, 100 mM EPI, 50 mM NOR; 100 mM NOR) and a control group. PCR was used to detect the virulence genes associated with biofilm production. A greater number of biofilm producer isolates were observed at 25 °C than at 12 °C, regardless of the treatment. The number of biofilms forming strains at 12 °C was significantly higher in the treatment with norepinephrine at 100 μM. The proportion of non-producer and biofilm producer strains at 25 °C did not differ significantly among the treatments. All strains presented the three genes (csgD, adrA, and fimA). The approach carried out in this work is a precursor in veterinary medicine, focusing on both public and poultry health, and evaluates the influence of catecholamines on the formation of biofilms with S. Enteritidis, an important pathogen with zoonotic potential. Norepinephrine seems to be more efficient at stimulating biofilm formation by S. Enteritidis strains at 12 °C. csgD, fimA, and adrA were detected in all strains.