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Simultaneous aqueous chlorination of amine-containing pharmaceuticals
Yu-Jung Liu1, Hui-Sz Liu2, Ching-Yao Hu2
1Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan, ROC.
Water Research
|March 5, 2019
Summary
Chlorination of pharmaceuticals like sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, and acetaminophen in wastewater depends on pH. New reaction products can form when these drugs coexist, creating dimers not seen in single-drug systems.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Water Treatment Technologies
Background:
- Amine-containing pharmaceuticals are prevalent in aquatic environments.
- Chlorination is effective for removing these pharmaceuticals.
- Coexisting pharmaceuticals can compete and form novel reaction products.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the competitive chlorination of acetaminophen, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole.
- Characterize the chlorinated products formed in single and mixed systems.
- Understand the impact of pH on chlorination priority and product formation.
Main Methods:
- Experimental investigation of chlorination reactions.
- Analysis of reaction products under varying pH conditions.
- Comparison of single-compound and multiple-compound systems.
Main Results:
- Chlorination priority is pH-dependent, following specific orders in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions.
- Some chlorinated products were consistent across single and mixed systems.
- Dimers involving sulfamethoxazole and other pharmaceuticals were observed in mixed systems, but not with its own chlorinated products.
Conclusions:
- The pH significantly influences the competitive chlorination of amine-containing pharmaceuticals.
- The co-occurrence of pharmaceuticals can lead to the formation of unique reaction products, such as dimers.
- Wastewater treatment strategies must consider these competitive reactions and potential new product formation.
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