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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Colletotrichum fioriniae Development in Water and Chloroform-based Blueberry and Cranberry Floral Extracts
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Appressorium Formation and Tomato Fruit Infection by Colletotrichum coccodes.

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Colletotrichum coccodes causes significant tomato yield loss. Optimal conditions for appressorium formation by this fungus are 16-22°C, with disease severity increasing with temperature up to 30°C.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Mycology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Commercial tomato production faces yield reductions due to Colletotrichum coccodes infection at the red-ripe stage.
  • Understanding the infection process of C. coccodes is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of temperature and incubation period on appressorium formation by Colletotrichum coccodes on tomato fruit.
  • To determine the impact of inoculum density, dew period, and temperature on anthracnose severity in tomato.

Main Methods:

  • Conidia of C. coccodes were incubated at various temperatures (10-34°C) and durations (3-24h) to assess appressorium formation.
  • Tomato fruit were inoculated with C. coccodes at different densities and incubated under varying dew periods and temperatures (15-35°C).
  • The effect of the fungicide chlorothalonil on appressorium formation was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Optimal appressorium formation occurred at 16°C and 22°C, with formation observed as early as 6 hours at 16°C, 22°C, and 28°C.
  • Appressorium formation was inhibited by chlorothalonil at concentrations above 0.4 ppm.
  • Anthracnose severity increased with temperature from 15°C to a maximum at 30°C, and decreased at 35°C. Severity also increased with longer dew periods and higher inoculum densities.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature and incubation time significantly affect appressorium formation by C. coccodes.
  • Environmental factors like temperature, dew duration, and inoculum density are critical drivers of anthracnose development in tomatoes.
  • Fungicide application, specifically chlorothalonil, can effectively inhibit appressorium formation, offering a potential control measure.