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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds
Published on: April 24, 2019
A fibrous cellulose paste formulation to manufacture structural parts using 3D printing by extrusion
C Thibaut1, A Denneulin2, S Rolland du Roscoat3
1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 3SR, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Abstract:
An optimized paste based on short natural cellulose fibers combined with carboxymethyl cellulose at a high dry content (42 wt.%) was implemented as a bio-based material for 3D printing by extrusion. The homogeneous paste exhibited a pronounced thinning behavior and yield stress; it was extruded using a screw extrusion-based direct ink writing system and could easily flow through a small nozzle. The optimized formulation enabled accurate additive manufacturing of parts using a natural air-drying process with or without an ethanol bath. We characterized the anisotropic shrinkage that occurred during the drying of 3D printed parts and proposed a compensation method to account for it. The obtained results emphasized that cellulose had a strong potential to be used as a raw material for 3D printing of cheap, lightweight, robust, and recyclable parts.
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