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Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
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Jet stream dynamics, hydroclimate, and fire in California from 1600 CE to present.

Eugene R Wahl1, Eduardo Zorita2, Valerie Trouet3

  • 1Center for Weather and Climate, National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80301; eugene.r.wahl@noaa.gov.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

California

Keywords:
Californiafirejet streampaleoclimatologyprecipitation

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology and Environmental Science
  • Paleoclimatology
  • Fire Ecology

Background:

  • California's hydroclimate and wildfire risk are significantly influenced by the North Pacific jet stream (NPJ).
  • Understanding past NPJ behavior is crucial for contextualizing current and future climate-fire dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct historical North Pacific jet stream (NPJ) characteristics back to 1571 CE.
  • To analyze the influence of NPJ behavior on California's moisture and forest fire extremes before and during fire suppression.
  • To project future climate-fire relationships under changing environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized climate model simulations and paleoclimate data for historical NPJ reconstruction.
  • Analyzed associations between NPJ characteristics, precipitation, and fire regimes across different historical periods.
  • Simulated future climate scenarios to assess impacts on fire season and hydroclimate.

Main Results:

  • Pre-suppression dry/high-fire periods were associated with lower, northward-shifted NPJ with wider latitudinal spread.
  • Wet/low-fire periods correlated with higher, southward-shifted NPJ with narrower latitudinal spread.
  • Fire suppression after 1900 decoupled historical climate-fire relationships, a trend expected to continue with warming.

Conclusions:

  • Historical NPJ behavior strongly influenced California's moisture and fire extremes across various socioecological regimes.
  • Climate change and fire suppression are altering the NPJ's influence on fire regimes.
  • Future warming is projected to dominate climate-fire dynamics, potentially leading to drier fire seasons irrespective of precipitation changes.