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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Atypical functional connectome hierarchy in autism.

Seok-Jun Hong^1,2, Reinder Vos de Wael³, Richard A I Bethlehem⁴

¹Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada. sjhong@bic.mni.mcgill.ca.

Nature Communications

|March 6, 2019

Summary

Autism network hierarchy is disrupted, affecting sensory and cognitive processing. This brain network imbalance helps explain diverse autism symptoms, offering a new framework for understanding the condition.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a paradox: co-occurring deficits in sensory processing and higher-order socio-cognitive functions.
Existing research often examines these deficits in isolation, lacking a unifying framework to explain their simultaneous presence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if a system-level imbalance in brain network hierarchy underlies the diverse phenotypic patterns observed in autism.
To explore the relationship between macroscale network organization, specifically the integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks, and autism-related deficits.

Main Methods:

Utilized task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a large cohort of individuals with autism and typically developing controls.
Applied connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analyses to examine macroscale brain network hierarchy.
Employed supervised pattern learning to correlate hierarchical features with behavioral symptoms.

Main Results:

Demonstrated atypical connectivity transitions between sensory and higher-order default mode network regions in individuals with autism.
Identified reduced differentiation linked to perturbed stepwise connectivity from sensory to transmodal areas and atypical long-range rich-club connectivity.
Found that hierarchical network features predicted social cognition deficits and low-level behavioral symptoms, but not communication impairments.

Conclusions:

Provided new evidence for imbalances in brain network hierarchy as a core feature of autism spectrum disorder.
This network hierarchy disruption offers a parsimonious framework to consolidate the diverse clinical features of autism.
Findings suggest macroscale network organization is a crucial factor in understanding autism's complex presentation.