Smear layer removal efficiency using apple vinegar: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study

To evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy using two different concentrations of apple vinegar.

48 single-rooted human teeth with conical roots and canals were randomly divided into four groups and prepared by using a nickel-titanium rotary system (Flexmaster). The final irrigation regimens used were: Group A (negative control group) in which distilled water only was used: Group B (positive control group) in which 2.5% NaOCL was used during instrumentation and 17% EDTA as a final irrigant; Group C (experimental group) in which the 5% apple vinegar was used as a root canal irrigant during instrumentation and as a final irrigant; and Group D (experimental Group 2) in which the diluted apple vinegar was used as a root canal irrigant during instrumentation and as a final irrigant. Specimens were then examined under a scanning electron microscope and scored for smear layer removal on the coronal, middle and apical thirds.

5% apple vinegar was significantly more effective in smear layer removal only in the apical third (P< 0.001). However, diluted apple vinegar was comparable to 5% apple vinegar and 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, within the coronal and middle levels of the root canal (P<0.05).

5% apple vinegar was significantly more effective in smear layer removal only in the apical third. Diluted apple vinegar demonstrated comparable results to the control groups. Thus, it is possible to use diluted apple vinegar as an irrigant after investigating its antimicrobial efficiency and the effect on sealing ability.