Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Estimates?01:06

What are Estimates?

8.8K
It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such...
8.8K
Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides01:20

Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides

230
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used to treat various bacterial infections. Clinicians must determine the elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (VD) to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. The k value represents the rate at which the drug is removed from the body, and the VD reflects the degree to which the drug distributes into body tissues. Accurately estimating these parameters allows healthcare professionals to tailor drug dosing to individual...
230
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

8.0K
The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
8.0K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

7.6K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
7.6K
Thematic Layering in GIS01:30

Thematic Layering in GIS

344
In the past, planning projects such as schools or public facilities required extensive manual effort to gather and compile data. Information such as property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning regulations, and flood zones had to be sourced individually from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Assembling these datasets into a coherent format often took several months, delaying project timelines.The introduction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...
344
Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

3.2K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"See What I Mean?" Linguistic Digital Markers of Cognitive Decline in Nursing Home Residents.

Journal of integrative neuroscience·2026
Same author

Impact of web accessibility on cognitive engagement in individuals without disabilities: Evidence from a psychophysiological study.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Eye-Tracking Metrics as a Digital Biomarker for Neurocognitive Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.

Brain sciences·2025
Same author

Prediction of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load with oculometric and biometric indicators.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

"The way I see it makes me believe you intentionally did it": Intentionality ascription and gaze transition entropy in violent offenders.

Biological psychology·2024
Same author

Evaluation of hazard brochures using topic viewing durations: Application to tsunami evacuation brochures.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer
08:55

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer

Published on: February 22, 2013

15.0K

Using Microsaccades to Estimate Task Difficulty During Visual Search of Layered Surfaces.

Andrew T Duchowski, Krzysztof Krejtz, Justyna Zurawska

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |March 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows how microsaccade dynamics can measure cognitive load during visual search. Increased task difficulty during the focal search phase significantly alters microsaccade magnitude and rate.

    More Related Videos

    Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
    06:02

    Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

    Published on: February 3, 2015

    9.7K
    A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
    08:45

    A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

    Published on: December 5, 2014

    9.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

    In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer
    08:55

    In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer

    Published on: February 22, 2013

    15.0K
    Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
    06:02

    Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

    Published on: February 3, 2015

    9.7K
    A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
    08:45

    A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

    Published on: December 5, 2014

    9.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Science
    • Neuroscience
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Cognitive load significantly impacts visual attention and eye movements.
    • Microsaccades, small rapid eye movements, are sensitive to cognitive processes.
    • Visual search tasks provide a paradigm to study cognitive load and visual behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an approach using microsaccade dynamics to measure cognitive load during visual search.
    • To investigate the relationship between task difficulty and microsaccade behavior in a layered surface visual search task.
    • To differentiate between ambient and focal phases of visual search and their impact on microsaccade activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a visual search task on a layered surface with free eye movement.
    • Employed Krejtz's K coefficient to distinguish between ambient and focal phases of visual search.
    • Analyzed microsaccade dynamics (magnitude and rate) in relation to task difficulty, segmented by ambient/focal phases.

    Main Results:

    • Validated Krejtz's K coefficient for quantifying visual search phases.
    • Found that during the focal phase, microsaccade magnitude significantly increased with task difficulty.
    • Observed a significant decrease in microsaccade rate during the focal phase as task difficulty increased.

    Conclusions:

    • Microsaccade dynamics, particularly during the focal search phase, serve as a reliable indicator of cognitive load.
    • The combination of Krejtz's K coefficient and microsaccade analysis offers a promising tool for real-time cognitive activity assessment.
    • This approach can be applied to develop effective tools for monitoring cognitive engagement during tasks.