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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

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Neonatal microbiome - a brief review.

Anchala Singh¹, Mahima Mittal¹

¹Department of Paediatrics, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

|March 6, 2019

Summary

The fetal gut microbiome is established before birth and develops over the first two years of life. Factors like maternal health and delivery influence this crucial early-life microbial colonization, impacting infant development.

Keywords:

Microbiome neonatal review

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Neonatal Health
Gastroenterology

Background:

The traditional view of a sterile fetal environment is challenged by evidence of prenatal microbial colonization.
Recent studies reveal bacterial communities in amniotic fluid, placenta, and meconium.
Gut microbial colonization begins in utero and continues for the first two years of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of the maternal-fetal microbiome.
To discuss the impact of the microbiome on neonatal health and disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on maternal-fetal microbiome.
Synthesis of findings on factors influencing neonatal gut colonization.
Analysis of the role of the microbiome in infant development.

Main Results:

Fetal gut microbial colonization initiates during prenatal development.
Multiple factors including maternal diet, delivery mode, and feeding type influence neonatal microbiome composition.
Early-life microbiome plays a critical role in the development of infant gastrointestinal, immunological, and neural systems.

Conclusions:

The maternal-fetal microbiome is established early and is critical for infant health.
Understanding these microbial dynamics is essential for preventing and managing neonatal diseases.
Further research into the maternal-fetal microbiome can inform interventions for improved infant outcomes.