Ground Reaction Forces in Ballet Differences Resulting from Footwear and Jump Conditions.
Alyssa M McPherson1, John W Schrader2, Carrie L Docherty2
1Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, SPH Building, Room C202, 1025 East 7th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA;,
Summary
Ballet dancers experience different maximal ground reaction forces (GRFmax) between jumps, but shoe condition, including pointe shoes, does not significantly impact these forces during landing.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Dance Science
Background:
- Ground reaction force (GRF) and shoe condition are potential ballet injury risk factors.
- Variations in dancer footwear may influence biomechanics and injury incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine maximal ground reaction force (GRFmax) in ballet dancers landing from two jump types across three shoe conditions (pointe, flat, barefoot).
- To assess the influence of pointe shoe characteristics (age, shank style) on GRFmax.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-one elite female ballet majors performed assemblé and grand jeté jumps.
- Jumps were executed in pointe shoes, flat technique shoes, and barefoot, with GRFmax measured via force plate.
- Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were employed for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in GRFmax were found across the three shoe conditions.
- Significant differences in GRFmax were observed between the two jump types.
- The grand jeté jump resulted in higher GRFmax compared to the assemblé jump.
Conclusions:
- Maximal ground reaction force in ballet landings is jump-dependent.
- Current evidence suggests shoe condition does not significantly alter GRFmax in elite ballet dancers.
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