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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum
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Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

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Long noncoding RNAs biomarker-based cancer assessment.

Mohammad Sarfi1,2, Maryam Abbastabar1,2, Ehsan Khalili1

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|March 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in cancer development and metastasis. This review highlights their potential as specific biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Keywords:
biomarkerbody fluidscancerdiagnosislncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cancer diagnosis increasingly relies on molecular biomarkers.
  • Alterations in DNA, RNA, proteins, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in cancer.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cancer cell development, invasion, and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on lncRNAs in various cancers.
  • To focus on the potential of cancer-related lncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on lncRNAs in cancer.
  • Analysis of lncRNA dysregulation in different malignancies.
  • Examination of cell-free lncRNAs in bodily fluids as potential biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are dysregulated across diverse cancer types.
  • lncRNAs exhibit high organ and cell specificity.
  • Cell-free lncRNAs are detectable in blood, urine, and other bodily fluids.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs hold significant promise as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
  • The specificity and detectability of lncRNAs support their role in personalized cancer medicine.
  • Further research into lncRNAs can advance cancer detection and treatment strategies.