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Conjugated Proteins02:50

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
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All-Fullerene Electron Donor-Acceptor Conjugates.

Marta Izquierdo1, Benedikt Platzer2, Anton J Stasyuk3

  • 1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel C60-Lu3N@Ih-C80 conjugate, the first electroactive fullerene dumbbell acting as both electron donor and acceptor. This structure facilitates charge separation and slows recombination, offering new possibilities in materials science.

Keywords:
electroactive dyadsexcited statesfullerenesphotoinduced electron transferstereoisomers⋅

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Fullerenes are versatile carbon allotropes with tunable electronic properties.
  • Electron donor-acceptor conjugates are crucial for charge separation and energy transfer processes.
  • The development of novel fullerene architectures is key to advancing organic electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a covalent all-fullerene electron donor-acceptor conjugate.
  • To investigate the electronic and photophysical properties of a unique fullerene dumbbell structure.
  • To explore the potential of heavy-atom effects in controlling charge recombination dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions on Lu3N@Ih-C80 and C60.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for diastereomeric analysis.
  • Spectroelectrochemical absorption and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the C60-Lu3N@Ih-C80 conjugate, an electroactive fullerene dumbbell.
  • Identification of 16 diastereomeric pairs, with the anti-RSSS isomer being the most stable.
  • Experimental evidence for a C60•−-Lu3N@Ih-C80•+ charge-separated state.
  • Facilitated spin conversion to a triplet state and a tenfold decrease in charge recombination rate due to the Lu3N cluster's heavy-atom effect.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized fullerene dumbbell represents a novel electron donor-acceptor system.
  • The heavy-atom effect of the Lu3N cluster significantly influences photophysical processes, enhancing charge separation.
  • This work opens avenues for designing advanced materials with controlled charge dynamics for applications in organic electronics and photochemistry.