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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
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Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

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Sample Delivery Media for Serial Crystallography.

Ki Hyun Nam1,2

  • 1Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea. structures@korea.ac.kr.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Serial crystallography (SX) techniques like serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) and serial millisecond crystallography (SMX) offer room-temperature macromolecular visualization. Efficient sample delivery using viscous media is crucial for SX success.

Keywords:
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL)carrier matrixdelivery mediumsample deliveryserial crystallography (SX)serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX)serial millisecond crystallography (SMX)viscous medium

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • X-ray crystallography visualizes macromolecules, aiding molecular mechanism understanding, drug development, and enzyme engineering.
  • Conventional synchrotron X-ray crystallography has limitations: radiation damage, cryogenic temperatures, and static structural data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review sample delivery medium preparation, selection, and development for serial crystallography (SX).
  • To highlight the importance of viscous media in reducing sample consumption for SX success.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) utilizing X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL).
  • Discussion of serial millisecond crystallography (SMX) utilizing synchrotron X-rays.
  • Focus on carrier matrix development for efficient crystal delivery in SX.

Main Results:

  • SFX and SMX provide room-temperature macromolecular structures, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
  • Viscous delivery media significantly reduce sample consumption in SX experiments.
  • These methods yield more biologically relevant structural information.

Conclusions:

  • Serial crystallography techniques offer dynamic insights into macromolecular behavior.
  • Optimized sample delivery is paramount for the efficiency and success of SX experiments.
  • Advancements in SX and sample delivery enhance structural biology research and applications.