Cardiovascular changes in dogs given diazepam and diazepam-ketamine

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Anesthesiology
• Cardiopulmonary Physiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Diazepam is often used as a preanesthetic agent.
• Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic with known cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
• The combined effects of diazepam and ketamine require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the cardiopulmonary consequences of administering diazepam followed by ketamine in dogs.
• To compare the effects of the diazepam-ketamine combination with ketamine alone.

Main Methods:

• Eleven dogs were administered intravenous diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) followed by intravenous ketamine (10 mg/kg).
• Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored throughout the study.
• Effects were compared to historical data of ketamine administered alone.

Main Results:

• Diazepam alone caused minimal cardiopulmonary effects but increased heart rate and was associated with excitement.
• The diazepam-ketamine combination resulted in less cardiovascular stimulation compared to ketamine alone.
• Respiratory depression was more pronounced with the combination, alongside increased vomiting and decreased muscle hypertonus, seizure activity, and salivation.

Conclusions:

• The diazepam-ketamine combination alters the expected effects of ketamine, reducing excitement and cardiovascular stimulation.
• Increased respiratory depression necessitates careful monitoring when using this combination in dogs.
• Further research into optimal dosing and monitoring protocols is warranted.