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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

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A microfluidic platform towards automated multiplexed in situ sequencing.

N Maïno1,2, T Hauling3,2, G Cappi1

  • 1Lunaphore Technologies SA, EPFL Innovation Park Building C, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an automated microfluidic system for in situ sequencing of RNA, streamlining complex experiments. This automation enhances RNA profiling efficiency and reduces protocol time for broader laboratory applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Multiplexed in situ RNA profiling offers deep insights into tissue spatial organization.
  • Current complex manual protocols hinder routine laboratory use of these powerful techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To automate the generation and sequencing of barcoded mRNA amplicons directly within fixed cells.
  • To adapt microfluidic technology for in situ sequencing protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of a microfluidic tool for standard microscope slides.
  • Integration of programmable reagent delivery, temperature control, and flow cell.
  • Implementation of padlock probe hybridization, ligation, and rolling circle amplification for barcoded amplicon generation.
  • Sequencing-based identification of barcoded amplicons.

Main Results:

  • Achieved near-identical performance to manual protocols in identifying mouse beta-actin transcripts.
  • Demonstrated higher detection efficiency and shorter protocol time.
  • Showcased reduced oligonucleotide reagent consumption with slightly increased enzyme usage.

Conclusions:

  • The automated microfluidic system effectively processes tissues for in situ sequencing.
  • This automation enhances research potential, particularly for cancer diagnostics and therapy development.