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Related Concept Videos

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
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Magnetic field-induced rubber-like behavior in Ni-Mn-Ga particles/polymer composite.

P Sratong-On1, V A Chernenko2,3,4,5, J Feuchtwanger6

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Researchers developed a novel composite material using polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga particles embedded in silicone. This composite exhibits a large, reversible magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS), paving the way for low-cost magnetic actuators and sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Single crystalline Ni-Mn-Ga is a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) known for giant magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS).
  • Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga offers cost and accessibility advantages but suffers from low MFIS due to grain boundary constraints inhibiting twin boundary motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the limitations of polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga and achieve large, reversible MFIS.
  • To explore the potential of a composite material for advanced actuator and sensor applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a composite by embedding specially assembled, magnetostrain-active single grains of polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga within a silicone polymer matrix.
  • Utilizing X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) 3D imaging to investigate the magnetostrain of individual particles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga can be processed into magnetostrain-active single grains.
  • Achieved large and fully reversible MFIS in the composite material, a phenomenon termed magnetic field-induced rubber-like behavior.
  • Confirmed the magnetostrain behavior of individual particles using X-ray μCT.

Conclusions:

  • The developed composite material exhibits significant potential for low-cost magnetic actuators and sensors.
  • The novel approach offers a viable solution for harnessing the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga in practical applications, particularly for haptic feedback systems.