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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

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Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

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Transcriptomic Analysis of High Fat Diet Fed Mouse Brain Cortex.

Gwangho Yoon1,2, Kyung A Cho2,3, Juhyun Song1,3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.

Frontiers in Genetics
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High fat diets cause cognitive decline, termed "diabetic dementia." This study profiles RNA changes in the brain cortex, revealing altered gene expression linked to neurogenesis and synaptic function.

Keywords:
brain cortexcircular RNAshigh fat dietlong non-coding RNAsnon-coding RNAs

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Rapid Model to Evaluate the Anti-Obesity Potential of a Combination of Syzygium aromaticum Clove and Cuminun cyminum Cumin on C57BL6/j Mice Fed High-Fat Diet
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • High-fat diets (HFDs) are linked to obesity, diabetes, and chronic inflammation.
  • Cognitive dysfunction, termed "type 3 diabetes" or "diabetic dementia," is increasingly associated with HFD-induced obesity.
  • While protein-coding gene dysregulation is studied, non-coding RNA profiles in HFD-affected brains are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile diverse RNA alterations in the brain cortex of mice fed a high-fat diet compared to a normal diet.
  • To investigate the regulatory roles of both coding and non-coding RNAs in the brain under HFD conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Performed RNA sequencing on ribosomal RNA-depleted RNAs from mouse brain cortex.
  • Identified genome-wide long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) expression.
  • Analyzed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and co-expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in mRNA expression related to neurogenesis, synapse function, and calcium signaling were observed in the HFD cortex.
  • Numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs were identified.
  • Provided comprehensive expression profiles for coding and non-coding RNAs in the HFD brain cortex.

Conclusions:

  • High-fat diet consumption significantly alters RNA expression profiles in the brain cortex.
  • Identified lncRNAs and circRNAs may play crucial roles in HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction.
  • This study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying diet-related brain changes.