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Electron Orbital Model01:18

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light.

Mengjia Wang1, Hongyi Zhang1, Tatiana Kovalevich1

  • 1FEMTO-ST Institute, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6174 15B Av. des Montboucons, 25030 Besancon Cedex, France.

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We demonstrate magnetic control over light

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Optical surface waves, such as Bloch surface waves (BSWs), are crucial for integrated optics.
  • Controlling the directional excitation of BSWs is essential for advanced photonic devices.
  • The role of the magnetic field of light in controlling optical phenomena is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the directional excitation of optical surface waves controlled by the magnetic field of light.
  • To explore the potential of a magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light for manipulating BSWs.
  • To demonstrate novel opportunities for integrated optical functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical prediction of tunable unidirectional coupling using a spinning magnetic dipole.
  • Experimental excitation of transverse electric (TE)-polarized BSWs in a 1D photonic crystal (PC).
  • Utilizing a subwavelength groove and a near-field coupler governed by an electric dipole moment.

Main Results:

  • The helicity of light's magnetic field controls power distribution between two TE-polarized BSWs.
  • A novel magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light is revealed.
  • The magnetic optical effect is comparable in magnitude to electric optical effects.

Conclusions:

  • The magnetic field of light offers new degrees of freedom for light manipulation.
  • This work paves the way for novel integrated optical functionalities.
  • Demonstrated magnetic control over optical surface waves.