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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy SBF-SEM of Biological Tissue Samples
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Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy.

Felipe Conzuelo1, Albert Schulte2, Wolfgang Schuhmann1

  • 1Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.

Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers high-resolution surface imaging and chemical analysis for biological samples. Recent advancements enhance its capabilities for life science applications, including cell and biomacromolecule studies.

Keywords:
bio-SECMchemical imagingmicroelectrochemistrymicroelectrodesnanoelectrodesscanning electrochemical microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful scanning probe technique.
  • SECM provides topographical and chemical information with high spatial resolution.
  • It has shown significant progress in analyzing biological samples like living cells and biomacromolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a topical overview of recent biological SECM applications.
  • To highlight technical improvements in SECM for surface imaging.
  • To discuss recommended applications and future trends in biological SECM.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes an ultramicroelectrode tip moved precisely over a sample.
  • Combines SECM with complementary analytical tools for multi-functional analysis.
  • Focuses on recent advancements and applications in biological SECM.

Main Results:

  • SECM enables detailed visualization of local electrochemical activity on surfaces.
  • Progress has been made in analyzing living cells, enzymes, antibodies, and DNA fragments.
  • Integration with other tools expands SECM's life science capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • SECM is a versatile technique for biological sample analysis.
  • Technical improvements are expanding its utility and applications.
  • Future trends point towards broader multi-functional analysis in life sciences.