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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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[Lupus nephritis].

J Schreiber1, U Eisenberger2, K de Groot3

  • 1Medizinische Klinik III (Nephrologie, Hypertensiologie, Rheumatologie), Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, KfH-Nierenzentrum Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66-70, 63069, Offenbach, Deutschland.

Der Internist
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Lupus nephritis (LN), a severe lupus complication, involves kidney inflammation due to nuclear autoantibodies. Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment are key for managing this serious autoimmune kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, affecting the kidneys.
  • Immune system dysregulation leads to autoantibody formation against nuclear antigens, causing renal inflammation.
  • Clinical presentations vary, including nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for lupus nephritis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and tailored immunosuppressive therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the central pathogenetic mechanisms involving loss of immune tolerance and autoantibody formation.
  • Description of diagnostic procedures including urinalysis, renal function tests, autoantibody profiling, and complement component analysis.
Keywords:
Complement system proteinsGlomerulonephritisImmunosuppressionLupus erythematosus, systemicNephrotic syndrome

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  • Highlighting the role of early renal biopsy in differentiating prognostically distinct LN forms.

    • Main Results:

    • Lupus nephritis is characterized by immune-mediated renal inflammation.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings.
    • Effective treatment involves supportive care and differentiated immunosuppression, with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil as key induction agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis and renal biopsy are crucial for effective lupus nephritis management.
    • Immunosuppressive therapy is essential for prognostically unfavorable forms of LN.
    • Ongoing research focuses on novel treatments like calcineurin inhibitors and anti-B cell therapies.