Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
07:30
Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
Published on: April 23, 2021
3.4K
MicroRNAs in brain development and cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
Qingyi Ma1, Lubo Zhang1, William J Pearce1
1Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California.
American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|March 7, 2019
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in the brain. This review covers their roles in brain development and cerebrovascular injury, offering potential therapeutic strategies for conditions like cerebral ischemia.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- Brain-enriched miRNAs are crucial for neural development, function, and response to injury.
- Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in neurological disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in brain development and cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
- To summarize miRNA-based mechanisms in neuronal and cerebrovascular development.
- To discuss the involvement of miRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current knowledge on miRNAs in brain biology and disease.
- Analysis of miRNA regulatory mechanisms in neurogenesis and vascular development.
- Examination of miRNA involvement in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury models.
Main Results:
- miRNAs are key regulators of neural lineage determination, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.
- miRNAs influence cerebrovascular development and integrity.
- miRNAs play significant roles in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs are vital for normal brain development and function.
- Understanding miRNA roles offers insights into cerebral ischemia pathogenesis.
- miRNA-based therapeutics show promise for treating brain pathologies like cerebral ischemia.
Related Concept Videos
01:22MicroRNAs
24.2K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
24.2K
01:22MicroRNAs
4.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
4.0K
01:17Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
1.2K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.2K
01:22Pathophysiology of Vomiting
2.9K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
2.9K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
4.2K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
4.2K
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
1.5K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.5K