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First Report of Soilborne Rye Mosaic Virus in Rye in Denmark.

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A new furovirus, soilborne rye mosaic virus (SBRMV), was identified in Danish rye, causing yellow mosaic symptoms. This discovery marks the first furovirus detection in Danish cereals and highlights genetic differences from wheat mosaic virus.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Virology
  • Cereal Science

Background:

  • Soilborne plant viruses pose significant threats to cereal production worldwide.
  • Furoviruses are known to infect various crops, including cereals, causing yield losses.
  • Previous records of soilborne rye mosaic virus (SBRMV) were limited to Germany.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a virus detected in rye plants exhibiting mosaic symptoms in Denmark.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationship of the new virus isolate to known furoviruses.
  • To establish the first record of a furovirus in Danish cereals.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy was used to visualize virus particles and determine their morphology.
  • Mechanical sap inoculation was performed on indicator plants (Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor) at different temperatures.
  • Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) was employed using specific polyclonal antiserum.
  • Nucleotide sequencing was conducted to analyze the complete genome of the isolate.
  • Light microscopy was used to examine root structures for potential vectors.

Main Results:

  • Virus particles consistent with furoviruses, measuring 296 and 162 nm in length and 23 nm in diameter, were observed.
  • Symptoms were induced in indicator plants at 17°C but not at higher temperatures (22-25°C).
  • ISEM confirmed the furovirus nature of the particles.
  • Resting spores resembling the furovirus vector *Polymyxa graminis* were found in infected roots.
  • Sequence analysis revealed only 74% identity to soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), supporting its designation as a distinct species.
  • The virus was named soilborne rye mosaic virus (SBRMV).

Conclusions:

  • A novel furovirus, SBRMV, has been identified in rye in Denmark.
  • This finding represents the first record of a furovirus infecting cereals in Denmark.
  • The genetic distinctness of SBRMV from SBWMV warrants its classification as a separate virus species.