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Surface Structuring Combined with Chemical Surface Functionalization: An Effective Tool to Manipulate Cell Adhesion.

Sarah M Elsayed1, Stefan Paschke2, Sibylle J Rau3

  • 1Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. sarah.mahmoud@imtek.uni-freiburg.de.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Structured polymer surfaces reduce protein and bacterial adhesion while promoting cell growth. Combining these structured surfaces with adhesive polymers significantly enhances tissue integration, offering a promising biomaterial development tool.

Keywords:
colloidal lithographypolymer surfacessurface functionalizationsurface structuringsurface-cell interactionstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Surface topography significantly influences material bioactivity.
  • Polymer coatings are widely used to modify material properties.
  • Understanding structure-surface-bioactivity relationships is crucial for advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of underlying surface structures on polymer coating bioactivity.
  • To evaluate how surface topography and polymer functionalization affect protein adhesion, antimicrobial activity, and cell growth.
  • To explore the potential of structured surfaces for enhanced tissue integration.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of structured surfaces using colloidal lithography (200 nm–1 µm lateral dimensions, 15–50 nm height).
  • Functionalization with antimicrobial polycations or protein-repellent polyzwitterions.
  • Characterization using contact-angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, antimicrobial assays (Escherichia coli), and cell culture studies (human mucosal gingiva keratinocytes).

Main Results:

  • The underlying surface structure inherently reduced protein and bacterial adhesion, enhancing antimicrobial activity.
  • Structured surfaces promoted enhanced cell adhesion compared to unstructured controls.
  • The combination of structured surfaces and adhesive polycations significantly increased keratinocyte growth.

Conclusions:

  • Underlying surface structure is a critical factor in modulating the bioactivity of polymer-coated materials.
  • Structured surfaces, particularly when functionalized with adhesive polymers, offer a promising strategy for improving biomaterial performance and tissue integration.
  • This approach provides a valuable tool for developing advanced materials for biomedical applications.