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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Chemerin Isoforms and Activity in Obesity.

Christa Buechler1, Susanne Feder2, Elisabeth M Haberl3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. christa.buechler@klinik.uni-regensburg.de.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Obesity increases chemerin protein levels, but its biological activity may not increase. This suggests complex regulation of chemerin processing and signaling in metabolic health and disease.

Keywords:
Tango bioassaybiologic activitychemerin receptorsproteolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Adipokine signaling
  • Obesity and disease risk

Background:

  • Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for diseases like type 2 diabetes and cancer.
  • White adipose tissue secretes adipokines, including chemerin, a protein whose levels rise in obesity.
  • Chemerin plays roles in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and immune responses, impacting metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological activity of systemic chemerin in lean versus obese humans and mice.
  • To analyze the distribution and processing of chemerin variants in different tissues and plasma.
  • To explore the expression of chemerin receptors in key metabolic tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chemerin variant distribution in adipose tissue and plasma from humans and mice.
  • Utilizing the Tango bioassay to measure ex-vivo chemerin receptor activation via the beta-arrestin 2 pathway.
  • Quantitative analysis of chemerin receptor expression in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.

Main Results:

  • Systemic chemerin levels are elevated in human obesity.
  • Despite increased levels, the biological activity of serum chemerin in obesity does not appear to be proportionally higher.
  • Chemerin receptor expression was assessed in key metabolic tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Increased systemic chemerin in human obesity may not correlate with enhanced biological activity.
  • Proteolytic processing of chemerin generates diverse, active isoforms, influencing its overall function.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the regulatory pathways of chemerin processing and signaling in metabolic health.