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What causes severe malaria and its complications in children? Lessons learned over the past 15 years

Andrea L Conroy1, Dibyadyuti Datta1, Chandy C John2

  • 1Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St R4 402D, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

BMC Medicine
|March 8, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Malaria deaths have halved in 15 years, but severe malaria still claims over 400,000 lives annually, primarily in young African children. Advances in understanding pathogenesis offer hope for preventing severe malaria and reducing mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Global health epidemiology

Background:

  • Malaria mortality has decreased by approximately 50% over the last 15 years.
  • Despite progress, malaria remains a significant threat, causing over 400,000 deaths annually.
  • The majority of malaria deaths occur in African children under 5 years of age.

Discussion:

  • Understanding the pathogenesis of severe malaria is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Key complications of severe malaria in children include cerebral malaria, severe anemia, and respiratory distress.
  • Advances in diagnostics and treatment have contributed to reduced mortality.

Key Insights:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the complex mechanisms underlying severe malaria.
  • Identifying specific risk factors and pathophysiological pathways is essential for effective prevention strategies.
  • Integrated approaches combining vector control, chemoprevention, and prompt clinical management are vital.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on novel therapeutic targets and vaccine development for malaria.
  • Strengthening healthcare systems and improving access to timely diagnosis and treatment are critical priorities.
  • Continued global collaboration is necessary to achieve the goal of malaria elimination.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCerebral malariaCognitiveImpairmentNeurodevelopmentalPathogenesisPlasmodium falciparumSevere malariaSevere malarial anemia

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