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Preschool respiratory hospital admissions following infant bronchiolitis: a birth cohort study

Helen Skirrow1, Thomas Wincott1, Elizabeth Cecil1

  • 1Imperial College School of Public Health, London, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|March 8, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis face a significantly higher risk of future respiratory issues, including asthma and infections. This study highlights the long-term respiratory burden in young children following early-life bronchiolitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common cause of infant hospitalizations globally.
  • Limited data exists on the long-term respiratory health outcomes for children under five following bronchiolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the risk of subsequent respiratory hospital admissions in young children in England after an initial bronchiolitis admission.
  • To identify specific respiratory conditions associated with this increased risk.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective population-based birth cohort study was conducted in England.
  • 613,377 infants born between April 2007 and March 2008 were linked to hospital admission data up to age five.
  • Cox proportional hazard regression analyzed the risk of respiratory admissions (asthma, wheezing, LRTI, URTI) post-bronchiolitis, adjusting for risk factors.

Main Results:

  • 2.7% of infants experienced a bronchiolitis admission; 21.7% of these had subsequent respiratory admissions by age five, versus 8% without prior bronchiolitis.
  • The adjusted hazard ratio for any respiratory admission was 2.82.
  • The risk was highest for asthma (HR 4.35) and wheezing (HR 5.02) admissions, with significant associations also found for upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI/LRTI).

Conclusions:

  • Infant bronchiolitis hospitalization is linked to a 3-5 fold increased risk of subsequent respiratory admissions.
  • Approximately one in five infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis will experience another respiratory admission by age five.
  • This underscores the significant, long-term respiratory impact of bronchiolitis in early childhood.
Abstract

Keywords:
epidemiologyinfectious diseasesrespiratory

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