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HLA-DR alpha chain expression in human thyroid cells.

L A Piccinini, B S Schachter, T F Davies

    Endocrinology
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human thyroid cells express HLA-DR genes, with higher transcript levels found in autoimmune thyroid disease. This suggests variations in DR gene expression significantly impact thyroid immunoregulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II antigen, HLA-DR, plays a crucial role in immune regulation.
    • Thyroid tissue's involvement in autoimmune diseases suggests potential immune cell interactions and antigen presentation within the thyroid.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the expression of HLA-DR alpha chain transcripts in human thyroid tissue.
    • To determine if HLA-DR expression levels differ between normal thyroid tissue and tissue from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
    • To explore the presence and regulation of HLA-DR mRNA in normal thyrocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • cDNA probe hybridization to detect DR alpha chain-specific transcripts in human thyroid RNA.
    • Comparison of transcript size with DR mRNA from the Raji human B lymphoblastoid cell line.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Cytoplasmic dot blot analysis of cultured thyrocytes (depleted of lymphocytes and monocytes).
  • Assessment of DR alpha chain-mRNA levels after lectin or gamma interferon stimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • A single DR alpha chain-specific transcript was detected in human thyroid RNA, similar in size to that in B cells.
    • Thyroid samples from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease showed significantly higher DR alpha chain transcript levels (62% of Raji cells) compared to controls.
    • Normal thyrocytes possess detectable levels of DR alpha chain-mRNA (16% of Raji cells), which increase upon stimulation with lectin or gamma interferon.
    • Thyrocyte DR alpha chain-mRNA levels varied individually and correlated with increased DR antigen-positive cells post-stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Normal human thyroid cells express HLA Class II antigen (DR) genes, even without stimulation.
    • Quantitative variations in thyroid HLA Class II (DR) gene expression may be a critical factor in thyroid immunoregulation.
    • Elevated DR expression in autoimmune thyroid disease suggests a role in the disease's pathogenesis.