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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast
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Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research.

Amin Cheikhi1,2, Aaron Barchowsky3,4, Amrita Sahu1,3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|March 8, 2019
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Summary

Klotho protein is crucial for aging. Its deficiency accelerates aging, while overexpression extends lifespan and healthspan, offering potential for age-related disease interventions.

Keywords:
BiomarkerGeroscienceHealth spanKlothoLongevity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Klotho protein, first described in 2017, plays a significant role in aging processes.
  • Klotho deficiency in mice results in accelerated aging and reduced lifespan.
  • Overexpression of Klotho has been shown to extend both healthspan and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding Klotho's role in aging.
  • To identify key challenges limiting Klotho's translational potential.
  • To explore Klotho as a target for interventional studies in age-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Klotho protein.
  • Analysis of studies on Klotho's effects in model organisms and humans.
  • Discussion of Klotho's function as an integrator of organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Klotho deficiency is linked to numerous age-related illnesses.
  • Klotho may compress the period of morbidity and extend lifespan.
  • Klotho's systemic effects suggest a role in regulating aging.

Conclusions:

  • Klotho is a potent protein with significant implications for aging biology.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and realize Klotho's translational potential.
  • Klotho represents a promising target for interventions aimed at improving healthspan and lifespan.