Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

Dynamic Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Plant Effector-Triggered Immunity requires RNA Helicase PMH2-mediated Group II Intron Splicing in Mitochondria.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

Oncolytic viral therapy under type I interferon regulation: Mathematical modeling and analysis.

Mathematical biosciences·2026

Same author

High-precision interferometric measurement method for the radius of curvature with a computer-aided adjustment model.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Microscopic Mechanical Properties and Physicochemical Changes of Cement Paste Exposed to Elevated Temperatures and Subsequent Rehydration.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Substrate calibration method of a computer-generated hologram based on ray propagation in a three-dimensional model.

Optics letters·2024

Same author

Bronchobiliary fistula after traumatic liver rupture: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Published on: April 18, 2015

Modeling Pancreatic Cancer Dynamics with Immunotherapy.

Xiaochuan Hu^1,2, Guoyi Ke^1,3, Sophia R-J Jang⁴

¹Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1042, USA.

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

|March 8, 2019

Summary

Mathematical modeling reveals that combining immunotherapies is crucial for pancreatic cancer survival. Sequential treatment, starting with TGF-β inhibition followed by immune cell transfers, shows promising results.

Keywords:

Cytokine Immunotherapy Ordinary differential equations Pancreatic cancer

More Related Videos

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: September 24, 2020

Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression

Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression

Published on: June 28, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Published on: April 18, 2015

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: September 24, 2020

Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression

Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression

Published on: June 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Computational biology and mathematical modeling of cancer immunology.
Translational research in oncology and immunotherapy development.

Background:

Pancreatic cancer poses a significant challenge due to its complex tumor microenvironment.
Current immunotherapies often show limited efficacy as monotherapies for pancreatic cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a mathematical model simulating pancreatic cancer dynamics.
To investigate the efficacy of various immunotherapy strategies, including combined approaches.
To explore optimal scheduling for combined immunotherapies to improve patient survival.

Main Methods:

Development of a mathematical model incorporating cancer cells, immune cells, and cytokines.
Model validation using clinical trial survival data.
Sensitivity analysis and optimal control theory application for immunotherapy optimization.
Numerical simulations of combined immunotherapies (adoptive cell transfer and TGF-β inhibition).

Main Results:

The model identified a critical threshold for pro-tumor cytokine activation for cancer eradication.
Combined immunotherapy, specifically anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and adoptive immune cell transfer, significantly prolongs survival.
Therapeutic scheduling is critical; initiating TGF-β inhibition before immune cell transfer yields superior outcomes.

Conclusions:

Monotherapy is insufficient for controlling pancreatic cancer.
Combined immunotherapy strategies, particularly sequential TGF-β inhibition and adoptive cell transfer, offer a promising approach to enhance patient survival.
Mathematical modeling provides valuable insights for optimizing cancer immunotherapy protocols.