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Correlation between olfactory function, trigeminal sensitivity, and nasal anatomy in healthy subjects
Carla Masala1,2, C Käehling3, F Fall3
1Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. cmasala@unica.it.
Summary
Nasal anatomy significantly impacts smell and trigeminal sensitivity thresholds. However, odor identification and nasal structure showed no correlation in normosmic subjects, suggesting anatomy affects basic scent detection more than recognition.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
Background:
- Nasal anatomy is vital for olfactory perception.
- Limited research exists on chemosensory function and nasal volume correlations.
- This study focuses on normosmic individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate correlations between trigeminal and olfactory function and nasal volume.
- To assess the relationship between nasal structure and chemosensory perception in healthy adults.
Main Methods:
- 256 healthy volunteers (19-69 years) were assessed.
- Olfactory function measured using phenylethyl alcohol odor threshold and identification (OI) via Sniffin' Sticks.
- Nasal structure evaluated by acoustic rhinometry (AR); trigeminal sensitivity assessed with carbon dioxide (CO2) detection thresholds.
Main Results:
- Negative correlations observed between olfactory threshold sensitivity and minimum cross-sectional area (MCSA) in both nostrils.
- No significant correlations found between odor identification (OI) and nasal anatomy.
- Trigeminal sensitivity to CO2 showed a negative correlation with MCSA in the right nostril.
Conclusions:
- Nasal anatomy is significant for trigeminal and olfactory threshold perception.
- Odor identification (suprathreshold) did not correlate with nasal anatomy.
- Odor thresholds, unlike odor identification, appear influenced by subtle nasal anatomical variations.
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