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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Peroxynitrite: cellular pathology and implications in autoimmunity.

Rizwan Ahmad1, Ahtesham Hussain2, Haseeb Ahsan3

  • 1a Department of Academic Affairs, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University , Dammam , KSA.

Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry
|March 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxynitrite, a reactive molecule formed during inflammation, damages DNA and proteins. Its byproduct, nitrotyrosine, serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress and may link to autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
Peroxynitriteautoimmunitybiomoleculesfree radicalsnitrotyrosine

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammation generates nitric oxide and superoxide, forming reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-).
  • Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent active at physiological pH.
  • It targets biomolecules like DNA and proteins, causing oxidative injury and cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the damaging mechanisms of peroxynitrite on biomolecules.
  • To highlight the significance of nitrotyrosine (NT) as a biomarker for peroxynitrite activity.
  • To explore the link between peroxynitrite-mediated damage and diseases like autoimmunity and neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical reactions involving nitric oxide and superoxide.
  • Analysis of peroxynitrite's oxidative and nitrative effects on DNA and proteins.
  • Discussion of nitrotyrosine detection as a biomarker.

Main Results:

  • Peroxynitrite induces DNA damage, including strand breaks.
  • Protein damage involves amino acid modification, cross-linking, and fragmentation.
  • Nitrotyrosine formation on tyrosine residues is a specific marker of peroxynitrite activity.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxynitrite-mediated biomolecule modification contributes to cellular dysfunction.
  • Nitrotyrosine serves as a key biomarker for endogenous peroxynitrite activity.
  • Modified DNA and proteins may act as neoantigens, potentially driving autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration.