Using brain-computer interfaces: a scoping review of studies employing social research methods

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Social Sciences

Background:

• Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) offer solutions for physical impairments.
• Ethical challenges and the human-machine relationship necessitate understanding BCIs.
• Social research methods are crucial for analyzing BCI's societal impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of current studies on BCIs.
• To gain insight into the complexity of BCI use through social research.
• To demonstrate diverse approaches and concerns regarding the social and human impact of BCI technology.

Main Methods:

• Systematic analysis of six databases across medicine, psychology, and social sciences.
• Identification of empirical studies employing quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods.
• Review of 73 publications related to BCIs' social and ethical implications.

Main Results:

• 71 out of 73 studies focused on the user perspective.
• Common themes included user opinion, technical/social issues, user demands, future potential, and ethics.
• Quantitative methods were predominantly used.

Conclusions:

• Technical aspects like usability and feasibility are extensively studied.
• In-depth research on BCI user self-image and self-experience is limited.
• The caregiver's perspective in BCI technology requires more examination.