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Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
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An Update on Biliary Dyskinesia.

Clancy J Clark1

  • 1General Surgery Residency, Center for Applied and Experiential Learning, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biliary dyskinesia, a gallbladder or sphincter of Oddi disorder, lacks consensus on invasive treatment benefits. This review examines current evidence for diagnosing and managing this functional biliary condition.

Keywords:
Biliary dyskinesiaBiliary hyperkinesiaCholecystokininCholescintigraphyFunctional gallbladder disorderFunctional sphincter of Oddi disorderPost-cholecystectomy syndromeRome IV criteria

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Functional Biliary Disorders
  • Medical Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Biliary dyskinesia is characterized as a functional disorder affecting gallbladder motility or the sphincter of Oddi.
  • Cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis, but its efficacy for biliary dyskinesia is debated.
  • There is ongoing discussion regarding the clinical value of invasive procedures for managing biliary dyskinesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current best evidence regarding the diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia.
  • To evaluate the management strategies for biliary dyskinesia based on available scientific data.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape for functional biliary disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current medical literature.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and tools for biliary dyskinesia.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for various interventions in biliary dyskinesia.

Main Results:

  • Evidence synthesis on the diagnostic accuracy of tests like HIDA scans.
  • Assessment of the effectiveness of conservative versus surgical management options.
  • Identification of factors influencing treatment success in biliary dyskinesia.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia requires careful consideration of symptoms and objective testing.
  • The clinical benefit of invasive procedures for biliary dyskinesia remains an area requiring further research and consensus.
  • Evidence-based guidelines are needed to standardize the approach to diagnosing and managing this functional biliary disorder.