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Related Concept Videos

Bile01:19

Bile

4.1K
Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
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What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

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Overview
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

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The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
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Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

Published on: January 4, 2016

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Bile Metabolism and Lithogenesis: An Update.

Austin R Dosch1, David K Imagawa1, Zeljka Jutric2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bile

Keywords:
Bile acid synthesisBile metabolismCholelithiasisGallstonesLithogenesis

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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Bile facilitates digestion and waste removal.
  • Bile composition includes bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and bilirubin.
  • Enterohepatic circulation tightly regulates bile acid metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition and metabolism of bile.
  • To identify factors contributing to gallstone formation.
  • To understand the link between physiological conditions and gallstone risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bile composition and metabolism.
  • Analysis of mechanisms in biliary stone formation.
  • Examination of physiological and disease states affecting bile.

Main Results:

  • Bile's macromolecules are essential for digestion and waste disposal.
  • Gallstones form due to altered bile composition, gallbladder issues, and nucleation.
  • Physiological and disease states significantly impact bile metabolism and gallstone risk.

Conclusions:

  • Bile composition and metabolism are critical for preventing gallstones.
  • Understanding these factors is key to managing gallstone disease.
  • Altered bile dynamics are central to gallstone pathogenesis.