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Canine Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Curtis Wells Dewey1, Emma S Davies1, Huisheng Xie2

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Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), similar to Alzheimer disease in humans, affects many senior dogs. Early therapeutic intervention can significantly improve cognitive function and quality of life for affected pets.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseCanineCognitiveDementiaDysfunctionVascularβ-Amyloid

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Comparative Medicine

Background:

  • Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disorder analogous to human Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • CCD affects a significant portion (14-35%) of dogs over 8 years of age.
  • Clinical signs include confusion, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and reduced social interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD).
  • To discuss the pathophysiology, clinical signs, and therapeutic strategies for CCD.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on canine cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer disease.
  • Analysis of clinical signs and epidemiological data for CCD.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic approaches for managing CCD.

Main Results:

  • CCD shares similarities in pathophysiology and clinical presentation with human AD.
  • The prevalence of CCD increases with age in the canine population.
  • Several effective therapies exist to manage CCD symptoms and improve patient quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • While a cure for CCD is not available, early intervention with therapeutic approaches is crucial.
  • Prompt treatment can significantly enhance cognitive function and maintain a good quality of life for affected dogs.
  • Further research into CCD pathophysiology may lead to novel treatment strategies.