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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
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Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

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Minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement.

Marjan Jahangiri1, Azhar Hussain1, Enoch Akowuah2

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) offers benefits like shorter recovery and less pain compared to traditional methods. Further research, including randomized trials, is needed to fully establish its effectiveness and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
aortic stenosisaortic surgerytranscatheter valve interventionsvalve disease surgeryvalvular heart disease

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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures

Background:

  • Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) involves smaller incisions than full sternotomy.
  • Over 14,000 MIAVR procedures have been reported, but study heterogeneity limits definitive conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of MIAVR.
  • To discuss the current adoption challenges and future research directions for MIAVR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on MIAVR techniques, including mini-sternotomy and mini-thoracotomy.
  • Discussion of reported benefits, drawbacks, and surgical considerations.

Main Results:

  • MIAVR offers potential benefits such as reduced hospital stay, less blood loss, and improved cosmesis.
  • Challenges include longer bypass times (mitigated by new valves) and surgeon learning curves.

Conclusions:

  • MIAVR presents advantages but requires further randomized trials comparing it to conventional surgery and transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
  • Assessment of quality of life and functional capacity post-MIAVR is necessary.