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Voltage-induced long-range coherent electron transfer through organic molecules.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Biological charge transfer, crucial for life, may not rely on temperature. A new model suggests voltage-driven resonant tunneling enables efficient electron transfer through biomolecules like DNA, independent of heat.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Biological systems utilize charge transfer for essential functions like energy conversion and signaling.
  • Unlike synthetic circuits, biological charge transport occurs through nominally insulating biomolecules.
  • Long-distance charge transport in biomolecules is often explained by thermally activated hopping, but experimental data show limited temperature dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and explain a temperature-independent mechanism for long-distance charge transport in biomolecules.
  • To account for experimental observations of limited temperature dependence in electron transfer over nanometer scales.
  • To provide a unifying mechanism for charge transport in diverse molecular systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of electron transfer mechanisms.
  • Analysis of electric potential and its effect on molecular electronic states.
  • Comparison of the proposed mechanism with experimental data from DNA, organic semiconductors, and peptides.

Main Results:

  • A novel mechanism based on voltage-induced electric potential differences driving resonant tunneling.
  • Demonstration that this mechanism explains temperature-independent charge transport in DNA.
  • Explanation for strongly voltage-dependent currents observed in organic semiconductors and peptides.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed voltage-driven resonant tunneling mechanism offers a new perspective on biological charge transport.
  • This mechanism is general and applicable to molecules with wide energy windows around the HOMO-LUMO gap.
  • It reconciles experimental findings that challenge traditional thermally activated hopping models.