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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Diagnostic challenges in infective endocarditis: is PET/CT the solution?

Christopher Hohmann1, Guido Michels1, Matthias Schmidt2

  • 1Department III of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Infection
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

18F-FDG-PET/CT aids in diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE), especially with prosthetic material. This nuclear imaging technique helps clarify diagnoses and identify extracardiac infections when other methods are inconclusive.

Keywords:
18F-FDG-PET/CTBioprosthetic valveInfective endocarditisIntracardiac devicesMechanical valveMultidisciplinary Endocarditis Team

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) diagnosis remains challenging despite advancements.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify indications for 18F-FDG-PET/CT in IE diagnosis.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic benefit of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 235 patients with possible or definite IE.
  • 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed when conventional diagnostics were inconclusive.
  • Revised Duke criteria used for IE classification.

Main Results:

  • 18F-FDG-PET/CT was used in 20 patients, 15 with prosthetic material.
  • It clarified diagnosis in 6 definite IE and reclassified 1 possible IE case.
  • Detected extracardiac infections and modified management in 5 patients.

Conclusions:

  • 18F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable adjunctive tool for prosthetic valve/device IE.
  • It aids in detecting extracardiac foci in select IE cases.
  • Multidisciplinary evaluation remains essential for IE diagnosis.