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Anatomical variations in the digastric muscle.

Tin-Hsin Hsiao1, Hong-Po Chang2,3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study found anatomical variations in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle in three of 15 cadavers. Awareness of these submental region variations is crucial for head and neck surgery and imaging interpretation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Morphology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The digastric muscle, a key suprahyoid muscle, plays a role in mastication and swallowing.
  • Anatomical variations in head and neck structures can impact surgical outcomes and diagnostic interpretations.
  • Understanding the normal and variant anatomy of the digastric muscle is essential for clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and document anatomical variations of the digastric muscle, specifically focusing on the anterior belly.
  • To examine the positional relationships between accessory muscle bundles, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the mylohyoid muscle.
  • To identify the innervation patterns of these variant structures.

Main Methods:

  • Gross anatomical dissection of 15 human cadaver head and neck regions.
  • Systematic examination of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and associated structures.
  • Comparative analysis between cadavers with and without identified muscle variations.

Main Results:

  • Anatomical variations in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were observed in three (20%) of the 15 cadavers.
  • Variations included unilateral accessory muscle bundles, symmetrical crossover bundles, and a mix of both types.
  • Innervation by the mylohyoid nerve was consistent with typical anatomy, despite muscle variations.

Conclusions:

  • The observed digastric muscle variations likely stem from complex first branchial arch morphogenesis.
  • Clinicians must recognize these anatomical variations in the submental region for accurate surgical planning and diagnostic imaging (CT/MRI).
  • Enhanced awareness of digastric muscle anomalies improves patient safety in head and neck procedures.