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From germ theory to germ therapy.

Chieh-Chang Chen1,2,3, Yen-Nien Chen1,2,3, Jyh-Ming Liou1,2

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The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences
|March 9, 2019
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Summary

The microbiome, comprising trillions of microbes, significantly impacts human health. This review explores how understanding microbial communities, including gut microbiota, is shifting our view of health and disease, highlighting germ therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The germ theory of disease and Koch's postulates have historically shaped our understanding of microbes.
  • The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exemplified this framework, with its eradication being a success in preventing diseases like peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.
  • Recent advances, particularly in next-generation sequencing, have revealed the vastness of the unculturable microbiome and its co-evolution with humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of microbes' role in human health.
  • To discuss dysbiosis and its association with various diseases.
  • To examine current evidence for germ therapies in disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbiome research.
  • Analysis of the impact of gut microbiota on metabolism and immunity.
  • Evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics as therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • The microbiome, especially gut microbiota, plays a crucial role in host metabolism and immunity.
  • Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the host-microbiota relationship, is linked to numerous diseases.
  • Germ therapies offer potential strategies for disease prevention and treatment by manipulating microbial communities.

Conclusions:

  • Our view of microbes in human health has shifted from pathogens to essential symbiotic partners.
  • Targeting the microbiome through germ therapies presents a promising avenue for managing and treating diseases.
  • Further research into microbiome manipulation is essential for advancing personalized medicine.