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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Liver Physiology01:30

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Related Experiment Video

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Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning
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[Preconditioning of the liver].

I Capobianco1, J Strohäker1, A Della Penna1

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie Tübingen, Hoppe-Seylerstraße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a severe complication after liver resection. Understanding factors beyond liver volume, like function and perfusion, is crucial for safe surgical decisions and preventing PHLF.

Keywords:
Liver functionLiver qualityMajor resectionPost hepatectomy liver failureRisk evaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains a significant cause of mortality following major liver resections.
  • PHLF pathophysiology involves factors beyond insufficient residual liver volume, including parenchymal quality, liver function, and patient comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical risk factors contributing to PHLF.
  • To describe potential therapeutic and prophylactic management strategies for PHLF.
  • To guide surgeons in evaluating resectability and ensuring functional operability for oncological indications.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on PHLF risk factors and management.
  • It emphasizes a comprehensive approach to assessing liver function, quality, and perfusion.
  • Discussion includes perioperative and postoperative strategies for PHLF prevention and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Liver volume assessment is insufficient; comprehensive evaluation of liver function, parenchymal quality, and perfusion is essential.
  • Adequate inflow, outflow, and biliary drainage are critical for residual liver regeneration.
  • Understanding these multifaceted factors aids in accurate resectability assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Surgeons must consider a broad spectrum of factors beyond mere liver volume for safe liver resection.
  • Proactive management and awareness of therapeutic options are key to preventing and treating PHLF.
  • The ultimate goal is to maximize oncological resection while ensuring patient safety and functional liver capacity.