Gasotransmitters in pregnancy: from conception to uterine involution

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Molecular signaling
• Physiology

Background:

• Gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide) are endogenous gaseous messengers.
• These molecules are crucial for numerous physiological functions, including reproduction.
• Their specific roles throughout pregnancy are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the basic mechanisms and functions of gasotransmitters during pregnancy.
• To highlight future research opportunities in this field.
• To explore gasotransmitter involvement from conception to uterine involution.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases.
• Inclusion of English language human and animal studies up to August 2018.
• Focus on basic and translational articles with original findings.

Main Results:

• Gasotransmitters activate cGMP signaling; NO and sulfide also modify protein cysteines.
• They influence tubal transit, placentation, cervical remodeling, and myometrial contractility.
• NO, CO, and sulfide promote uterine quiescence and normal placentation by vasodilation and anti-inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Gasotransmitters are critical for normal pregnancy progression, impacting key reproductive events.
• Altered gasotransmitter signaling is linked to pregnancy disorders like preeclampsia and preterm labor.
• Further research is needed to characterize specific molecular mechanisms and inter-gasotransmitter crosstalk.