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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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Operon Model01:23

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The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
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Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Some Like it HOT: Horizontal Operon Transfer.

Amelia R I Lindsey1, Irene L G Newton1

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

Cell
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare horizontal operon transfer (HOT) event was discovered in yeasts, enabling them to acquire iron using bacterial genes. This finding sheds light on the significant role of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is extensively studied in bacteria.
  • The prevalence and impact of HGT in eukaryotes are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and significance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes.
  • To identify and characterize specific HGT events that confer adaptive advantages.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genomic data to detect gene transfer events.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to trace the origin of transferred genes.
  • Evidence of selection to facilitate gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a horizontal operon transfer (HOT) event in a group of yeasts.
  • The transferred operon contains bacterially derived genes.
  • Evidence suggests selection favored the expression of these genes.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer, specifically horizontal operon transfer (HOT), plays a role in eukaryotic evolution.
  • Acquisition of bacterially derived genes via HGT can provide significant adaptive advantages, such as enhanced iron scavenging in yeasts.