Editorial: Does an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Pill a Day Keep Failing Grades Away?

Numerous studies have found that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly impairs academic functioning. Observed impairments span diverse outcomes, from grade point average (GPA) and standardized test scores to grade retention and dropout. The impact of treating ADHD on academic functioning has received appreciable attention but remains a topic of debate because of the mixed and somewhat underwhelming results to date. The best evidence for effect is the capacity of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants to decrease problematic behaviors in the classroom.¹ However, it is not clear whether improved behavior translates into better academic functioning. In fact, there is evidence that parents might be less likely to follow through on behavioral interventions after medication has been initiated, even when parents report persistent impairment from ADHD.².