Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

199
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
199
What is a Mode?01:07

What is a Mode?

25.9K
The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
25.9K
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

1.5K
Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
1.5K
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

819
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
819
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

1.7K
The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessment of Dose Proportionality and the Effect of Food on a Once-Daily Extended-Release Tablet Formulation of Deutetrabenazine in Healthy Participants.

Clinical drug investigation·2026
Same author

Response to Comment on "Machine learning model for predicting interfraction motion of the seminal vesicles in prostate cancer radiotherapy".

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026
Same author

Intraoperative radiotherapy after resection of newly diagnosed brain metastases in adult patients - results of a prospective phase II trial (INTRAMET).

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Characterization of a novel plastic scintillation detector for in vivo electron dosimetry.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026
Same author

Surgical nodal sampling established by Commission on Cancer Standard 5.8 is essential for accurate lung cancer staging.

JTCVS open·2026
Same author

[Thanks for nearly 25 years as editor of Der Nervenarzt and welcome to a new editor].

Der Nervenarzt·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

833

Distinct modes of top-down cognitive processing in the ventral visual cortex.

Han-Gue Jo1, Thilo Kellermann2, Conrad Baumann3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.

Neuroimage
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive control alters visual processing by changing brain connection asymmetry. Memorizing enhances forward connections, while searching boosts backward connections in the visual cortex.

Keywords:
Cognitive processingDCMEEGEye-movementTop-down

More Related Videos

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
11:15

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Published on: February 20, 2014

13.5K
A Pressure Injection System for Investigating the Neuropharmacology of Information Processing in Awake Behaving Macaque Monkey Cortex
09:46

A Pressure Injection System for Investigating the Neuropharmacology of Information Processing in Awake Behaving Macaque Monkey Cortex

Published on: March 14, 2016

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

833
Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
11:15

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Published on: February 20, 2014

13.5K
A Pressure Injection System for Investigating the Neuropharmacology of Information Processing in Awake Behaving Macaque Monkey Cortex
09:46

A Pressure Injection System for Investigating the Neuropharmacology of Information Processing in Awake Behaving Macaque Monkey Cortex

Published on: March 14, 2016

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Top-down cognitive control influences sensory processing in the brain.
  • Visual perception involves changes in the ventral visual cortex, affecting connection asymmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hierarchical forward-backward connection asymmetry in visual processing.
  • To examine how different top-down cognitive control tasks modulate these connections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to record fixation-related evoked responses.
  • Employed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to analyze brain connectivity.
  • Assessed 26 healthy adults performing memorizing and searching tasks with visual objects in natural scenes.

Main Results:

  • Found enhanced asymmetry toward forward connections during memorizing tasks.
  • Observed enhanced backward connections during visual searching tasks.
  • Demonstrated task-dependent modulation of forward and backward cortical connections.

Conclusions:

  • Task-dependent modulation suggests distinct modes of top-down cognitive processing.
  • Alterations in forward-backward asymmetry may play a key role in cognitive control of visual information.
  • Findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying visual attention and memory.